So today we have the “Render unto Caesar” story as our Gospel reading. Mt. 22:15 and following, the reading right after last Sunday’s Gospel.
And we have a real odd couple again: Pharisees’ disciples hanging out with Herodians (who not only supported Herod, but thought he was probably the Messiah).
They say a few true things to butter up Jesus. They say, “Teacher [didaskale], we know that you are truthful [alethes] and you teach the way of God [ten hodon tou Theou] in truth.” This is interesting, because it refers directly to what Christianity was initially called, “the Way”, as well as to Jesus’ true identity as the Way and the Truth.
Then they add, “And you care about nobody” (ou melei soi peri oudenos) which isn’t quite so flattering. (For example, John 10:13, where Jesus says that the hireling who flees “does not care about the sheep.” Or when the apostles in the boat ask if Jesus cares about them.)
They go back to flattering truth by saying that Jesus shows no partiality, no concern for position or person. But that’s not what they actually say, which is why Jesus can proceed to troll them hard.
The actual expression is, “For you do not look at [ie, consider] a human’s face” (ou gar blepeis eis prosopon anthropon).
So think about it. They say He doesn’t look at faces. And then He makes them pull out a coin, say whose face is on it, and consider exactly the position and person who’s on that coin. (And the same phrase is in Mark, too.)
Jesus is justified in trolling them, as well as teaching them, because He saw their “malice” (ten ponerian auton).
So He tells them off first, asking, “Why are you testing Me, you hypocrites?” (ti me peirazete, hypokritai?) The word “to test” is also the word “to tempt,” so… yeah, they are tempting God. Oops.
And He calls them “hypokritai,” actors — the kind of actors who wear masks, not a mime actor (mimetai, imitators, which is what disciples are supposed to be).
Then He says, “Show me the money.” (Epideizate moi to nomisma) Okay, literally it’s “Show me the coin,” but it’s kind of funnier the other way.
And they bring him a denarius.
And He says, “Whose likeness [eikon] and inscription [epigraphe] are this?”
Obviously it would be funnier if He had asked whose prosopon it was, but it wouldn’t have been technically correct. Also, I’m sure He wanted all those commentaries on the image and likeness of God being stamped on us, as proof we belong to Him.
So they go away amazed, or in wonder (ethaumasan).
Of course, everything really belongs to God, including Caesar and his face. But if you’re running around with government money (especially with a denarius saying Tiberius was the son of god-ified Augustus, and his mom, Empress Livia, being depicted as the goddess Pax on the other side), you’ve also agreed to do things like pay taxes.
(It might have been another, less exciting denarius, but they all had stuff on them that Jews shouldn’t have been okay with. And Livia as Peace holding a wheat sheaf is just hilarious.)